Power management refers to how power is efficiently distributed to the different components of a system. A good power management system can save one-half or two-thirds of energy by reducing energy consumption when components are idle.
Power management, historically, has been one of the main aspects of electronic product design and maintenance. In the past, users want to understand the situation of the power supply, only through the equipment on the limited work instructions; with the development of computer technology, power supply systems (such as UPS) began to communicate with the computer through the RS-232, so that the user's control of the power supply is greatly facilitated; but RS-232 is not perfect, the development of the bus structure has brought about the IEEE1394 (High Speed Serial Bus) and the USB. present. Power supply devices eventually chose the USB standard, which is suitable for low and medium-speed peripherals.
Power Management Trends
With the advent of the information age, power management technology is becoming increasingly important in the 21st century. Whether it is the most advanced personal computers, portable wireless communication devices, or automotive electronic products, whether it can realize efficient and intelligent power management will have a great impact on the performance of its entire system. Whether new technologies and functions can become a reality also depends on the realization of efficient and intelligent power management.
Board-level power management
The rapid development of computer and communication technology has put forward higher requirements for power management technology. Nowadays, data communication and the Internet are becoming more and more important in people's daily life and work. It is expected that by 2010, the total number of e-mails transmitted globally will reach 50 billion per day, while the amount of information transmitted through the Internet is growing rapidly at the rate of doubling every 100 days. The total number of Internet users in the world now exceeds one billion, and by 2010 this number is expected to reach two billion. By 2010, the number of cell phone users worldwide will exceed 1.2 billion. Digital cameras, digital audio-video recording equipment, Internet-ready PDAs and portable MP3s and other trendy consumer electronics products will also develop rapidly, becoming a new growth point in the global economy. All of the above products are inseparable from the power supply, their requirements for the power supply is: in different output voltages can provide high current, while the volume and electromagnetic interference should be small, shutdown can immediately shut down the load current, in normal operation and standby state loss should be small. The purpose of power management is to reduce the area of the PCB board and minimize the system cost. Under the condition of technical conditions, the power management control chip should have as many functions as possible. BiCMOS technology can be used to integrate more functions on the power management chip. This has two advantages: first, the power management control chip can be closely linked with the microprocessor; second, the control, protection and fault diagnosis functions can be integrated in the power management control chip. In integrated circuit design, emulation CMOS technology is gradually replacing the emulation of bipolar process, CMOS operating current and quiescent current are very small, can effectively extend battery life. It is expected that by 2010, the microprocessor operating voltage will be reduced to 0.3 V. Now energy density, power management developments and efficiency are becoming increasingly important. The first problem encountered in the further miniaturization of products is heat generation. Automotive distribution voltages are rising, while the operating voltages of microprocessors, microcontrollers and digital signal processors used in automobiles are falling. Both high and low voltage technologies are challenging engineers. In computers, the speed of microprocessors and the type and number of peripheral components are constrained without efficient power management. In networking, the connectivity of computers, their bandwidth, their ability to operate and provide services efficiently, their ability to be connected efficiently, their functionality and their applications, these are also limited by power management technology. The same is true for automobiles, where the ratio of power to weight, the weight and size of connecting wires, and the ability to minimize electromagnetic interference are also greatly limited.
Power management technology for the 21st century is the direction of development: the development of low on-resistance switching devices to reduce high-frequency switching losses; control circuits, drive circuits, protection circuits and fault diagnostic circuits integrated together; low insertion loss package to improve heat dissipation; silicon chip size and form factor ratio to do a better job. As switching frequencies increase, control, protection and drive circuits become more complex, and integrated circuit technology needs to be considered in advance and meet the new requirements. High-power MOSFETs have become the "DRAM" of power management, and MOSFET pricing, availability, and specifications have become a hot topic in the industry. Packaging technology has a great impact on the parasitic parameters of high-power circuits, while the performance of the thermal performance of the circuit's efficiency and volume. 21st century power management technology itself involves a number of disciplines, must be considered in a comprehensive manner.
