Introduction to DC power supply
A DC power supply is a device that must provide power to electronic systems. Since batteries are relatively expensive, they are used in some portable devices, most of which require a DC power supply to convert AC power into DC power. Now let's look at the composition of a DC power supply.
(1) Power transformer: Generally speaking, commercial power is 220V AC, so the role of the power transformer is to convert this AC power into low-voltage AC power.
(2) Rectifier circuit: The diode has unidirectional conductivity, so it is necessary to use the characteristics of the diode to convert the low AC voltage into a single pulse voltage, including half-wave differential rectification and full-wave rectification.
(3) Voltage stabilization circuit: If the DC current is unstable due to fluctuations in the grid voltage and changes in the load, causing the power of the electronic equipment to drop, the circuit uses a voltage stabilizer and negative feedback to achieve a stable voltage.
(4) Filter circuit: Using the characteristics of the inductor and capacitor unit, the AC component of the rectified single pulse current is filtered, and the single pulse current is converted into a flat DC current.
DC power supply type
There are many types of DC power supplies. Based on their usage scenarios, output power, and functions, they can be broadly categorized as follows:
Linear regulated power supplies: These use linear circuits to stabilize and reduce noise on the input DC power, producing a highly stable, low-noise DC power supply. These power supplies offer a wide adjustment range and good dynamic performance, but suffer from low conversion efficiency and large size.
Converter DC power supplies: These use DC-DC circuits to convert the input power into the desired voltage and current output. They offer high conversion efficiency, but suffer from large output current ripple and poor reliability. They are commonly used in telecommunications, LED lighting, and radio applications.
Switching converter DC power supplies: These offer high efficiency, small size, low weight, and low cost, and are used in computers, communications equipment, displays, industrial automation control, automotive electronics, and solar streetlights. However, they have drawbacks such as a limited adjustment range.
Flyback DC power supplies: These utilize a flyback converter to achieve high efficiency. Their advantage is their ability to adapt to a wide range of input voltages and output loads, but they have some limitations in load control and require current limiting.
Switching power supply (SWPS): It uses a switching circuit to condition the input power supply and output a high-efficiency, low-noise, and high-stability DC power supply. It has a wide range of applications and is involved in industrial, electronic, medical, aviation and other fields.
Characteristics of DC power supply
(1) Output range and characteristics of DC power supply
Rectangular power supply, dual rectangular power supply (wide operating range), automatic power supply (with maximum output power within a certain voltage range, such as one power supply replacing several power supplies).
(2) Output noise of DC power supply
When mixed current components come out of the DC power supply, the output you see will not be the voltage and current you want.
(3) DC telemetry
Remote sensing means that the output voltage on the tube can be measured directly, not the output voltage. Long cables will produce some resistance. If the voltage is adjusted, the output voltage will drop, which may cause the tube to malfunction or even shut down the system.
(4) Transient response of DC power supply
Transient response refers to the transient change of load current. The ability of the power supply to respond quickly to such a change is a pure constant voltage resistance mode.
A DC power supply is a device that provides power to electronic systems. According to their usage and functions, they are divided into various types of power supplies, such as linear regulated power supplies, switching power supplies, ACDC power supplies, etc. They also have specific output ranges and characteristics, output noise, telemetry functions, and transient response characteristics.
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